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Any physical, chemical, or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for the intended usage is considered as Water Pollution. Sewage, industrial chemicals, heavy metals from industrial processes, and household cleaners are some materials that are discharged into water bodies. Such pollutants may be biodegradable, non-biodegradable, or slowly degradable. Other water pollutants include chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, motor oil, litter, and other components of polluted runoff. Water can also be polluted by pollutants that come from the air – a process known as atmospheric deposition.

Human activities can modify water quality in two ways. First, water quality is changed when we add pollutants, and the second way we impact water quality is by changing ecological processes that naturally purify water. Healthy aquatic ecosystems (wetlands, streams, bays, and oceans) all have natural processes that purify water of wastes.

Water quality is the measure of the physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological characteristics of water. Whether using simple, inexpensive field test kits, or more expensive probes and meters, we can gather data about water quality that will help unlock tremendous knowledge about rivers, streams, bays, and other water bodies. We can use monitoring equipment and apply scientific processes to gather data about several parameters of water quality. By assessing the water quality in a local water body, we better understand how human activities are affecting this resource, and how we can protect water quality in the future.

Wastewater
Storm water
Desalination
Drinking water
Sea water
Surface water
Ultra-pure water
Industrial circulating water
University research